At the beginning of 2026, a new legal framework governing the electronic exchange of data and documents in cases of temporary incapacity for work enters into practical application. The Law on the Exchange of Data, Documents and Notifications in Cases of Temporary Incapacity for Work through the software solution “e-Bolovanje – Poslodavac”, which entered into force on 12 December 2025, introduces a fully digital system for issuing and processing sick leave certificates in the Republic of Serbia.
As of 1 January 2026, paper-based documentation is abolished for most employers, and all relevant data are exchanged electronically between healthcare institutions, employers and the Republic Health Insurance Fund (RFZO). This change represents a significant step toward the digitalization of employment-related administration, with the aim of reducing administrative costs, accelerating procedures and increasing transparency in the processing of employees’ sick leave.
Under the new legal regime, employers are required to register on the eUprava Portal by 1 January 2026 in order to access the e-Bolovanje system and receive electronic certificates and reports on employees’ temporary incapacity for work. This obligation applies to all companies and public sector employers from the beginning of 2026, while entrepreneurs who employ workers are granted a transitional period and will become subject to mandatory use of the system as of 1 January 2027.
The law assigns employers an active role in monitoring electronic notifications and requires the adjustment of internal payroll, absence records and HR procedures to the new digital environment. Employers will be able to receive and archive electronic certificates, submit objections to medical assessments, and file requests for calculation or reimbursement of salary compensation directly through the system. At the same time, exclusive electronic communication with the RFZO will become mandatory as of 1 April 2026.
Failure to comply with the obligation to use the e-Bolovanje system is subject to monetary fines ranging from RSD 50,000 to 200,000 for legal entities, and from RSD 10,000 to 50,000 for entrepreneurs, with additional liability for responsible persons. However, the law does not require employers to invest in special software or equipment, as access to the system is available through a standard computer and internet connection, subject only to the possession of a qualified electronic certificate.
Through the introduction of e-Bolovanje, Serbian employment law takes another step toward comprehensive digital administration. The new system is expected to reduce paperwork, shorten processing times and contribute to more efficient control and prevention of abuse of sick leave, while strengthening data protection and legal certainty for both employers and employees.
The information in this document does not constitute legal advice regarding any specific issue and is provided for general information purposes only.
